1650 CE - 1800 CE. The Age of Enlightenment in Europe was a time of intellectual and philosophical advancements. Thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Newton sought to understand the world through reason and science, which led to a decline in traditional mythological beliefs.However, myths and legends were still popular, especially in the rural areas where Enlightenment ideas had less influence. Beasts like werewolves and vampires, who represented the unknown and uncontrollable aspects of nature, continued to capture the public’s imagination.

Colonial Africa spans the era when European powers increasingly colonized and controlled vast parts of the continent. From Portuguese trade outposts in the 1500s to the Scramble for Africa in the 19th century, this period was marked by cultural upheaval and resistance.Indigenous societies, such as the Zulu and Lozi Kingdoms, preserved their folklore in the face of colonization. Myths like Nyaminyami and Kongamato reflected themes of survival, spiritual resilience, and the interplay between humans and nature. This folklore served as a bridge between pre-colonial traditions and colonial realities.

1600 CE - 1776 CE. The early modern period in Colonial America was marked by exploration, settlement, and conflict. This era saw the clash of indigenous cultures with European settlers, leading to the creation of new myths and legends that blended Native American and European folklore. Stories of supernatural beings and creatures like the Wendigo and skinwalkers were particularly prevalent.Colonial myths often reflected the uncertainty and fear of life in the New World, where vast wilderness and unfamiliar territories seemed to hide untold dangers. These stories were passed down orally and became part of American cultural identity.

1500 CE - 1822 CE. Colonial Brazil was a Portuguese colony that became a major source of sugar and gold for the empire. The blend of indigenous, African, and European cultures formed a unique cultural identity still present today.

1588 CE - 1672 CE. The Dutch Golden Age was a period of great wealth and cultural achievement in the Netherlands, driven by global trade and innovations in art, science, and politics.

The Edo period, also known as Tokugawa Japan, marked a time of peace, isolation, and cultural flourishing in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate. Lasting over two centuries, this era saw strict social structures, economic growth, and the establishment of cities like Edo (modern Tokyo) as cultural centers. It was also an era rich in art, literature, and folklore, as kabuki theater and ukiyo-e (woodblock prints) gained popularity.Ghost stories, particularly tales of vengeful spirits like Yurei, became prominent forms of entertainment and caution, reflecting societal anxieties and moral lessons. The Edo period's unique blend of social stability and cultural isolation allowed folklore and supernatural tales to flourish, shaping Japan’s mythological legacy.

1640 CE - 1830 CE. The Great Lakes Confederacy consisted of several indigenous tribes in North America who allied for mutual defense and trade. They played a significant role in the region's colonial conflicts.

1390 CE - 1914 CE. The Kingdom of Kongo was a Central African state with a complex political system and strong trade connections to Europe. The arrival of Portuguese traders led to cultural exchanges and eventual conflicts.

1674 CE - 1818 CE. The Maratha Empire in India resisted Mughal domination and expanded to become a major political force. Known for their naval prowess and guerrilla tactics, they laid the groundwork for modern Indian nationalism.

1600 CE - 1857 CE. The Mughal Empire in India was a period of great cultural and artistic flourishing. During this time, Persian, Islamic, and Hindu traditions merged, creating a rich tapestry of mythology, literature, and art. Mughal rulers were patrons of the arts, and their courts were centers of intellectual and artistic activity.Mythological creatures such as the Makara, a sea creature, and the Garuda, a divine bird, featured prominently in both Hindu and Mughal art, symbolizing power, divinity, and the natural world.

1300 CE - 1922 CE. The Ottoman Empire was one of the longest-lasting empires in history, bridging Europe and Asia for over six centuries. It was a time of great cultural exchange, with influences from the Byzantine, Persian, and Islamic worlds shaping its mythology and folklore.Mythological creatures like the Simurgh, a benevolent bird from Persian mythology, and djinn, supernatural beings mentioned in Islamic texts, were commonly featured in stories and art. These beings often represented the struggle between good and evil.

1650 CE - 1720 CE. The Pirate Age saw a surge in piracy in the Caribbean, with famous pirates like Blackbeard and Anne Bonny. These pirates targeted trade routes, forming a romanticized chapter in maritime history.

1644 CE - 1912 CE. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, known for its expansionist policies, rich cultural heritage, and periods of economic prosperity. It faced challenges from internal rebellions and Western influence.

1611 CE - 1721 CE. The Swedish Empire was a formidable European power, especially during the Thirty Years' War. Under leaders like Gustavus Adolphus, Sweden expanded its influence across the Baltic region.

1607 CE - 1776 CE. The Thirteen Colonies in North America were established by British settlers and eventually rebelled against British rule, leading to the American Revolution and the formation of the United States.

1603 CE - 1868 CE. The Tokugawa period in Japan, also known as the Edo period, was a time of peace, stability, and isolation from the outside world. During this era, Japanese culture flourished, with the rise of kabuki theater, ukiyo-e woodblock prints, and the development of distinct artistic and literary traditions.Mythological creatures like the oni (demons) and kitsune (fox spirits) were popular in both art and folklore. These beings often represented human vices and virtues, as well as the relationship between the natural and supernatural worlds.

1816 CE - 1897 CE. The Zulu Kingdom, founded by Shaka Zulu in Southern Africa, was known for its military prowess and innovations in warfare. It expanded rapidly, dominating neighboring territories until its fall to British colonization.