The Vijayanagara Empire, established in 1336 CE, was the last great Hindu kingdom in southern India. During the Renaissance, it served as a bulwark against Muslim invasions and fostered a rich cultural and religious life, heavily influenced by Hindu epics.Mythical beings such as Hanuman, the monkey god, and Garuda, the bird-like companion of Vishnu, played key roles in Vijayanagara’s religious and artistic life. These creatures symbolized strength, protection, and devotion, and they were depicted in temples throughout the kingdom.