4500 BCE - 3300 BCE. The Chalcolithic period, or Copper Age, marks the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. During this era, humans began using copper for tools and weapons, leading to significant technological advancements.In terms of culture, the Chalcolithic saw the construction of early fortifications and religious structures. Mythological creatures often associated with metalworking, such as smith gods, began appearing in myths. The use of metals in tools symbolized strength and divine power.