750 CE - 1258 CE. The Islamic Golden Age saw a flourishing of science, medicine, and philosophy in the Middle East. This period was marked by the translation of ancient texts, as well as advances in mathematics and astronomy.Islamic mythology included creatures like the Djinn, supernatural beings made of smokeless fire, and the Roc, a giant bird capable of carrying elephants. These beings were part of the rich tapestry of Islamic culture and storytelling.